<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, D.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, L.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrickson, E.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estell, R.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nakamatsu, V.B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterizing foraging patterns among cattle and bonded and non-bonded small ruminants using spatial point process techniques</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22nd Annual Conference Proceedings on Applied Statistics in Agriculture</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">animal locations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">flerds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">goats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed-species stocking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sheep</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/10-046.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kansas State University</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manhattan, Kansas</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12-35</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Two mixed-species livestock groups were monitored during foraging on 466 ha of brush-infested Southern New Mexico rangeland during July and August 1988. The groups consisted of crossbred Bos taurus and Bos indicus beef cattle with white-faced sheep and mohair goats. The treated group consisted of small ruminants that had their behaviors modified through bonding to form a flerd in which small ruminants consistently remain near cattle. Small ruminants in the control group were not bonded. Animal locations were measured during the morning (0700-0800 hr) and afternoon (1700-1800 hr) over five days. Distance measures and Monte Carlo simulations for spatial point processes were used to analyze the data. Only data for five morning periods are reported because morning and afternoon spatial patterns were similar. Results suggested bonded and control groups were similar in spatial patterns of intra-specific distances for both cattle and small ruminants. Bonding changed the repulsive relationship observed between large and non-bonded small ruminants stocked together (control treatment) to one of inter-specific attraction. Bonded small ruminants remained close to and formed inter-specific clusters with cattle. In addition, the mean number of bonded small ruminants near an arbitrary cow was consistently high. Finally, the spatial pattern of cattle across the paddock did not differ between treatment groups, while bonded small ruminants tended to disperse more uniformly across the paddock than did controls. These findings suggest paddock utilization may be more uniform using flerds compared to flocks and herds.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN88</style></accession-num><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;August 14, 2008&lt;/p&gt;
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