<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, Dean M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remenyi, Norbert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, Leigh W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using time-series intervention analysis to model cow heart rate affected by programmed audio and environmental/physiological</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22nd Annual Conference Proceedings on Applied Statistics in Agriculture</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">audio cues</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">directional virtual fencing (DVFTM)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">free-ranging crossbred beef cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polar® heart rate monitors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">time-series analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/10-045.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kansas State University</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manhattan, Kansas</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-136</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This research is the first use of the Box-Jenkins time-series models to describe changes in heart rate (HR) of free-ranging crossbred cows (Bos taurus) receiving both programmed audio cues from directional virtual fencing (DVFTM) devices and non-programmed environmental/physiological cues.&amp;nbsp; The DVFTM device is designed to control the animal&amp;#39;s location on the landscape.&amp;nbsp; Polar Accurex&amp;reg; devices were used to capture HR every minute between 19 and 24 March 2003, when three mature free-ranging beef cows, previously habituated to the DVFTM device, were confined to a brush-infested area of an arid rangeland paddock.&amp;nbsp; Global positioning system (GPS) electronics were used to record each cow&amp;#39;s location approximately every minute while it was in a 58 ha virtual paddock (VPTM) and every second when it penetrated a virtual boundary (VBTM).&amp;nbsp; The cows never escaped through the VBTM, although they penetrated it a total of 26 times in 11 different events, at which times they received programmed audio cues lasting from 1 to 56 s.&amp;nbsp; Plots of these data reveal that HR spikes from programmed audio cues all fell within textbook range for cow HR (40-186 beats per minute, bpm).&amp;nbsp; Heart rate spikes were analyzed using Box-Jenkins intervention analysis models, which showed that for both audio and selected environmental/physiological events, HR spikes typically returned to pre-cuing &amp;quot;baseline&amp;quot; levels in about one minute.&amp;nbsp; However, the longest return-time to baseline (about four minutes) was for an environmental/physiological event of unknown origin.&amp;nbsp; HR, animal location, weather and other electronic data should be measured at equally-spaced time intervals using a single time stamp to accurately associate HR changes with possible causes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN3584</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>
