<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Utsumi, S.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cibils, A.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estell, R.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soto-Navarro, S.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VanLeeuwen, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal changes in one seed juniper intake by sheep and goats in relation to dietary protein and plant secondary metabolites</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small Ruminant Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">goats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">juniper</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">protein supplements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ruminant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">secondary metabolites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sheep</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009/02/19</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/09-006.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">152-162</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variation in plant secondary metabolites (PSM) can influence voluntary intake levels of one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma Englem. Sarg.) of sheep and goats. Supplemental nutrients could mitigate the deterrent effects of juniper PSM. We determined the concentration of mono-and sesqui- terpenes, total phenolics and condensed tannins in one-seed juniper leaves in summer, fall, winter, and spring, and tested their effects on juniper intake of 12 Western White Face ewes (74.9 ± 1.23 kg) and 12 Boer-Spanish does (46.7 ± 1.25 kg) fed isoenergetic diets (1.6% BW) with no supplemental protein (Control, 5% CP) or with addition of a rumen degradable (RDP, 12.5% CP) or undegradable (RUP, 12.5% CP) protein supplement. Animals were fed unrestricted amounts of freshly harvested juniper branches for 30 min and short-term juniper intake was determined for 10 d per season. Total terpenes, total phenolics, and condensed tannins varied across seasons (P&lt;0.05), and were positively correlated to each other (P&lt;0.05). Juniper intake was greater for goats than sheep (P&lt;0.05), and twice as high for supplemented vs. control animals (P&lt;0.05). Juniper intake in the fall, when levels of plant secondary metabolites were highest, was 41, 58, and 52% less than in summer, winter, and spring (P&lt;0.05), respectively. Supplements with RDP and RUP promoted different patterns of juniper intake among seasons (P&lt;0.05), herbivores (P&lt;0.05), and individual animals (P&lt;0.05). This study suggests that supplemental protein can increase voluntary intake of one-seed juniper of small ruminants during seasons when plant secondary metabolite levels are low. Proteins of different degradability appear to affect seasonal patterns of juniper intake differently.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN2428</style></accession-num><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 24, 2008</style></custom5><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></custom7></record></records></xml>